Computational Chemistry, Short Talk
CC-023

Generative molecular design with steerable and granular synthesizability control

V. Sabanza Gil1,2, J. Guo1,2*, Z. Jončev1*, J. Luterbacher3*, P. Schwaller1,2*
1Laboratory of Artificial Chemical Intelligence (LIAC), EPFL (Switzerland), 2NCCR Catalysis, EPFL (Switzerland), 3Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processes (LPDC), EPFL (Switzerland)

Molecular generative design is crucial for identifying and developing novel molecules with targeted physicochemical and biological properties [1]. Despite recent progress facilitated by advancements in generative artificial intelligence, translating computationally designed molecules into experimentally viable candidates remains challenging [2]. A critical bottleneck in the validation process is the requirement to synthesize these computationally proposed molecular structures in laboratory settings. Current generative models often overlook synthetic feasibility, resulting in molecules that, while theoretically promising, present substantial practical difficulties in experimental synthesis [3]. In this work, we introduce a generative molecular design framework that allows selective and granular control over multiple elements in the predicted synthetic routes of the generated molecules. By combining a pretrained language model with a policy gradient optimization algorithm coupled to a retrosynthesis model, the model learns to enforce the presence of pre-defined reactions and/or building blocks, or to avoid the inclusion of selected transformations in the generated molecule's final synthetic route. The steerable control over the synthetic parameters allows high flexibility and is more amenable to experimental validation. Overall, this method opens a new capability for accelerating the discovery of promising molecules with tailored properties.[4]

[1] Yuanqui Du, Arian Jamasb, Jeff Guo, et al. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2024, 6, 589–604

[2] Camille Bilodeau, Wang Jin, Tommi Jaakkola, Regina Barzilay, Klavs Jensen, WIREs Computational Molecular Science, 2022, 12:e1608.

[3] Wenhao Gao, Connor Coley, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2020, 60, 5714–5723

[4] Jeff Guo, Víctor Sabanza Gil, Zlatko Jončev, Jeremy Luterbacher, Philippe Schwaller, 2025, https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08774