Synthesis of large transition metal dichalcogenide single crystals with flat surfaces by selected vapor growth
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a versatile platform for exploring quantum phenomena, enabled by their layered van der Waals structures and the coexistence of competing electronic states such as superconductivity and charge density waves. However, synthesizing high-quality crystals remains challenging: chemical vapor transport (CVT) often produces inconsistent morphologies, while chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can introduce substrate-induced strain.
In this work, we present selected vapor growth (SVG) as a scalable alternative for producing large, exfoliable single crystals of TaS2, TaSe2 and NbSe2. By applying a controlled temperature gradient in a muffle furnace and utilizing iodine-assisted transport, we obtained crystals exceeding 1 cm in size with flat, well-defined surfaces. SVG enables precise control over growth conditions and crystal morphology, making it a promising route for fabricating high-quality TMDs for both fundamental research and device integration.